Putting the Work of Academia Back into Academic Freedom Debates

I’m always a little surprised by how rarely debates about academic freedom pay attention to the actual work of academia. Sure, there are anecdotes featuring syllabi wars or lectures gone wrong (or wrongly prevented from going on at all). But those vignettes —used to illustrate and persuade—are always hurried along so that the author can get to their normative argument defending academic freedom or announcing, once again, its demise. The vignettes aren’t really there to make us focus on the “what” and “how” of academic labor.

Archana Sridhar’s recent article isn’t exactly about granular academic labor practices, either. I doubt she’d consider it a “labor” piece at all. But in very refreshing way, she focuses on academic work structures and patterns in ways that generate insights about what makes academic freedom possible. Continue reading "Putting the Work of Academia Back into Academic Freedom Debates"

A Proposed Framework for Privacy Rights After Death

Anita L. Allen & Jennifer E. Rothman, Postmortem Privacy, 123 Mich. L. Rev. 285 (2024).

Professors Allen and Rothman have written an excellent piece that addresses an issue of growing importance. While questions about privacy have always existed, technological changes that are occurring at a lightning-fast pace are creating demand for a consistent and clear legal framework. These technological changes include artificial intelligence, social media and email accounts, as well as the ubiquitousness of cameras and recording devices. This raises new questions regarding rights to a person’s name, image, voice, life history, beliefs, and identity after death.

Postmortem privacy refers to privacy protections that continue after death. The traditional view, which has been repeated for over a century, is that privacy rights end with death. The reality is much more nuanced, and courts sometimes do in fact protect some privacy rights after death. The growing importance of digital legacies and technologies makes reevaluating postmortem privacy critically important. Professor Allen and Professor Rothman’s article aims to build a theoretical and legal foundation for recognizing and shaping privacy rights after death. Continue reading "A Proposed Framework for Privacy Rights After Death"

The Edge of Tomorrow

Tejas N. Narechania & Scott Shenker, How to Save the Internet, __ Berkeley Tech. L.J. __ (forthcoming), available at SSRN (Mar. 18, 2025).

Every time I teach Internet Law, I start by lying to my students about how the Internet works. I tell them the finely crafted story of how routing, packet-switching, and layering combine to produce a profoundly modular, decentralized, and standardized worldwide network. The only problem is that the Internet doesn’t work that way anymore, and hasn’t for years. Companies like Akamai, Cloudflare, and Amazon operate such massive networking infrastructure that they have warped Internet spacetime around them. The services they offer, and on which much of the Internet now depends, are integrated, centralized, and proprietary—the very opposite of what I tell my students.

Tejas N. Narechania and Scott Shenker’s How to Save the Internet brings the stories we tell about the Internet back into line with the Internet as it actually is. Narechania is a law professor and Shenker a computer scientist. Their article is a seamless fusion of their expertise—and a cogent guide to the Internet’s new normal and what it means for telecommunications policy and law. Continue reading "The Edge of Tomorrow"

Unlocking Dynamic Growth

Professor Sara Bronin’s book, Key to the City, pulls back the curtain on how urban zoning works. And through in-depth city case studies, it shows how communities can be improved through zoning changes.

For those who write and teach in the property law space, the most interesting part of the book is probably how Professor Bronin pushes for major deregulatory changes without falling into the trap of arguing for the scrapping of all rules. And all readers who care about urban spaces will appreciate the breadth and depth of the community profiles used to both illustrate and inform Professor Bronin’s arguments.

This is a book that should be read by those who teach Property and by everyone who cares about the future of cities. Continue reading "Unlocking Dynamic Growth"

Rethinking the Make-Whole Principle

Erik Encarnacion, Making Whole, Making Better, and Accommodating Resilience, 108 Minn. L. Rev. 1335 (2024).

Whenever I teach remedies, one of the first principles we cover is that compensatory damages should put the plaintiff in their “rightful position” by returning the injured party to the position it would have occupied but for the defendant’s wrongful harm. Students quickly grasp this concept and its corollary, which I sometimes refer to as the “Goldilocks principle”: courts often try to award the amount of damages that is “just right”—neither too much (creating an undeserved windfall for the plaintiff) nor too little (leaving the plaintiff undercompensated). Anything that makes a plaintiff better off than before the injury seems obviously problematic.

In his outstanding article Making Whole, Making Better, and Accommodating Resilience, Professor Erik Encarnacion challenges this conventional wisdom in ways that are both intellectually sophisticated and practically important. The piece makes a compelling case that reflexive avoidance of any “betterment” often leads to systematic undercompensation, and that a more generous approach to compensatory damages is not only doctrinally supported but normatively required. Continue reading "Rethinking the Make-Whole Principle"

Looking to History for Contemporary Lessons on Legal Mobilization against Subordination

Pamela A. Izvănariu, John P. Davis and the Joint Committee, 29 Mich. J. of Race & L. 217 (2025).

There is now a vast international literature on the role of lawyers and law in social movements, on the right and the left. This literature has been enormously generative in illuminating the various ways that lawyers contribute to social struggle—by using litigation and other legal tactics to hold powerful actors to account and inspire social movement resistance—while also spotlighting how sometimes they overreach, and how their tactics and frames are frequently coopted by opponents, who use legal strategies to undermine progress. While this literature has often painted legal liberal lawyers as problematic actors, it also teaches crucial lessons about the importance of sustained legal and political resistance in the face of powerful forces. American democracy has never worked for all people. It has never lived up to its promise of equal justice. And there have been particularly dark moments, the post-Reconstruction era and the rise of Jim Crow being one of them, which have elicited courageous responses from lawyers and nonlawyers alike. As we are living through another dark and dangerous moment, it is crucial to recover stories that deepen understanding of resistance methods and give inspiration to fight back.

Professor Pamela Izvănariu provides precisely this type of analysis in her timely and important article on the unheralded Black labor activist John P. Davis and the organization that he created to fight for racial equality in New Deal labor laws: the Joint Committee for National Recovery (JCNR). Izvănariu’s work on Davis is part of a larger historical project that seeks to elevate Davis in the scholarly canon on the “pre-history” of the civil rights movement, which includes classic works by Ken Mack, Risa Goluboff, and Susan Carle, among others. Those scholars discuss the synergies and tensions between efforts to mobilize cross-racial solidarity in support of Black labor rights and the building momentum in favor of a frontal assault on school segregation culminating in what became the famous high point of civil rights lawyering: Brown v. Board of Education. Continue reading "Looking to History for Contemporary Lessons on Legal Mobilization against Subordination"

Religious Police Forces with Public Powers

Grace Watkins, Piety Police, 134 Yale L.J. 2645 (2025).

Over the past decade, histories of American policing have proliferated. Understandably, the majority of these works have focused on policing major American cities in the twentieth century. These works have transformed the field, in particular by revealing important insights about how racism has shaped policing, but they focus only on the tip of the iceberg. Beyond the largest urban centers, there is also a vast and complicated history of policing in smaller cities, rural areas, and special jurisdictions like college campuses that legal scholars have yet to map fully.

Grace Watkins dives into this less-studied realm of criminal justice history with her brilliant article Piety Police. Watkins has emerged as a leading scholar of campus police, and this article presents an entirely original account of the importance of private religious police forces – primarily those affiliated with religious universities. The bulk of the narrative and of Watkins’s archival research focuses on the development of the Brigham Young University Police Department (BYUPD) and its authority to enforce the law and campus rules, both on and off campus. Through her extensive research in a fragmentary archive, Watkins has uncovered a wealth of detail. Most notably, she reveals the extent of the BYUPD’s anti-gay policing, including a shocking 1979 account of the BYUPD employing an undercover student to place advertisements in the local newspaper to entrap a local gay man and arrest him for forcible sexual abuse. Continue reading "Religious Police Forces with Public Powers"

The Veil of Legislative Intent

What lies behind one of our most engrained and persistent assumptions in law – the existence of a specific kind of intention underlying the utterances of an authority?

This is the question that Poggi and Ferraro endeavour to address in this article, and in doing so, they embark on a particularly complex enterprise: to show that what we call “legislative intent” is a deception. Or, put differently: that what we call “legislative intent” does not exist as such, but (only) as a construction by the interpreters; and therefore, that the invocation of “legislative intent” to justify a specific interpretation of a legal text is a sleight of hand that conceals – and, even more, amplifies – the interpreters’ discretion. And all this is done under the guise of objective linguistic rationality and strict respect and deference for the legislator’s decisions. Continue reading "The Veil of Legislative Intent"

Readers are Authors, Especially in the AI Age

Abraham Drassinower, The Work of Readership in Copyright, available at SSRN (May 21, 2024).

In this essay, Abraham Drassinower updates the argument in his 2015 book What’s Wrong With Copying (Harvard University Press) with an elaboration of the nature of copyright’s public domain: it is a domain of unauthorized yet lawful copying. As in his book, Drassinower explains that the public domain is not properly understood as a problem of balancing between copyright’s public benefits and private rewards. Instead, he understands the public domain as part of authorship and thus inseparable from copyright’s construction.

The elaboration in this essay is his introduction of readership to the understanding of copyright’s public domain. As he says in its opening pages, “I will argue that the work of authorship in copyright law and doctrine is radically inseparable from what we may call the work of readership. Setting forth the immanence of readership in authorship will help construe the public domain as a necessary presupposition of, rather than a constraint on, authorship.” (P. 3.) Continue reading "Readers are Authors, Especially in the AI Age"

The Comparative Challenges of Cooperative Corporate Governance

Ville Pönkä, Investor Shares in Cooperative Financing: A Comparative Legal Analysis, 36 Eur. Bus. L. Rev. 341 (2025).

Popular dissatisfaction with economic life has emerged as a growing challenge to countries across the globe. Magnified by growing inequality, this dissatisfaction stems from a sense that dominant economic institutions can no longer be relied upon to provide citizens with predictable and meaningful economic lives. Yet, even as nations have rejected left- and right-wing incumbents alike, there has remained only episodic engagement with one of the longest-standing alternative traditions for governing economic activity with a proactively social vision: cooperatives. In his article Investor Shares in Cooperative Financing: A Comparative Legal Analysis, Ville Pönkä provides a revealing primer on the challenges of promoting cooperatives through an incisive comparative analysis of “investor shares” as a means for cooperatives to raise capital.

For those less familiar with the literature on cooperatives, Pönkä provides a compact and effective introduction while outlining its interface with modern comparative corporate governance scholarship. This linkage is inherently valuable, as the particular nature of cooperatives has often led them to fall outside the analytical focus of both corporate and labor law scholars—although their conceptual and normative concerns significantly overlap with those of cooperative governance. And while, for practical and path-dependent reasons, the study of corporate governance has become one of the richest and most sophisticated areas of comparative legal analysis, it still largely omits cooperatives. As such, Pönkä’s survey of the statutory regimes governing cooperative forms is notable as it draws on diverse national examples—especially valuable given that much of the empirical work on cooperatives focuses on domestic audiences in non-English-speaking countries. Moreover, it does so while bringing the issue into direct conversation with classic and contemporary issues in corporate governance on a global scale. Continue reading "The Comparative Challenges of Cooperative Corporate Governance"